PBR Anisotropy

Description¶

This example is based on TestPBRAnisotropy.cxx and renders spheres with different anisotropy values.

Physically based rendering sets metallicity, roughness, occlusion strength and normal scaling of the object. Textures are used to set base color, ORM, anisotropy and normals. Textures for the image based lighting and the skymap are supplied from a cubemap.

Image based lighting uses a cubemap texture to specify the environment. A Skybox is used to create the illusion of distant three-dimensional surroundings. Textures for the image based lighting and the skybox are supplied from a HDR or JPEG equirectangular Environment map or cubemap consisting of six image files.

A good source for Skybox HDRs and Textures is Poly Haven. Start with the 4K HDR versions of Skyboxes.

The parameters used to generate the example image are loaded from a generic JSON file, not all the parameters are used:

<DATA>/PBR_Parameters.json

Where <DATA> is the path to vtk-examples/src/Testing/Data.

For information about the parameters in the JSON file, please see PBR_JSON_format.

Code¶

PBR_Anisotropy.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import json
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path

from vtkmodules.util.execution_model import select_ports
from vtkmodules.vtkCommonColor import vtkNamedColors
from vtkmodules.vtkFiltersCore import vtkPolyDataTangents
from vtkmodules.vtkFiltersSources import vtkSphereSource
from vtkmodules.vtkFiltersTexture import vtkTextureMapToSphere
from vtkmodules.vtkIOImage import (
    vtkHDRReader,
    vtkImageReader2Factory
)
from vtkmodules.vtkImagingCore import vtkImageFlip
from vtkmodules.vtkInteractionStyle import vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
from vtkmodules.vtkRenderingCore import (
    vtkActor,
    vtkPolyDataMapper,
    vtkRenderWindow,
    vtkRenderWindowInteractor,
    vtkSkybox,
    vtkTexture
)
from vtkmodules.vtkRenderingOpenGL2 import (
    vtkOpenGLRenderer,
    vtkOpenGLSkybox
)


def get_program_parameters():
    import argparse
    description = 'Render spheres with different anisotropy values.'
    epilogue = '''
    '''
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilogue,
                                     formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument('file_name',
                        help='The path to the JSON file e.g. PBR_Parameters.json.')
    parser.add_argument('-e', '--use_equirectangular', action='store_true',
                        help='Use the equirectangular entry in the json file.')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return args.file_name, args.use_equirectangular


def main():
    fn, use_cubemap = get_program_parameters()
    use_cubemap = not use_cubemap
    fn_path = Path(fn)
    if not fn_path.suffix:
        fn_path = fn_path.with_suffix(".json")
    if not fn_path.is_file():
        print('Unable to find: ', fn_path)
    paths_ok, parameters = get_parameters(fn_path)
    if not paths_ok:
        return
    res = display_parameters(parameters)
    print('\n'.join(res))
    print()

    colors = vtkNamedColors()
    colors.SetColor('Brass', 184, 115, 51, 255)

    ren = vtkOpenGLRenderer(background=colors.GetColor3d('Black'))
    ren_win = vtkRenderWindow(size=(600, 600), window_name='PBR_Anisotropy')
    ren_win.AddRenderer(ren)
    iren = vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
    iren.render_window = ren_win
    style = vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera()
    iren.interactor_style = style

    skybox = vtkOpenGLSkybox()

    irradiance = ren.GetEnvMapIrradiance()
    irradiance.irradiance_step = 0.3

    # Choose how to generate the skybox.
    is_hdr = False
    has_skybox = False
    gamma_correct = False

    if use_cubemap and 'cubemap' in parameters.keys():
        print('Using the cubemap files to generate the environment texture.')
        env_texture = read_cubemap(parameters['cubemap'])
        if parameters['skybox']:
            skybox.texture = env_texture
            has_skybox = True
    elif 'equirectangular' in parameters.keys():
        print('Using the equirectangular file to generate the environment texture.')
        env_texture = read_equirectangular_file(parameters['equirectangular'])
        if parameters['equirectangular'].suffix.lower() in '.hdr .pic':
            gamma_correct = True
            is_hdr = True
        if parameters['skybox']:
            # Generate a skybox.
            skybox.floor_right = (0, 0, 1)
            skybox.projection = vtkSkybox.Sphere
            skybox.texture = env_texture
            has_skybox = True
    else:
        print('An environment texture is required,\n'
              'please add the necessary equirectangular'
              ' or cubemap file paths to the json file.')
        return

    # Turn off the default lighting and use image based lighting.
    # ren.automatic_light_creation = False
    ren.use_image_based_lighting = True
    if is_hdr:
        ren.use_spherical_harmonics = True
        ren.SetEnvironmentTexture(env_texture, False)
    else:
        ren.use_spherical_harmonics = False
        ren.SetEnvironmentTexture(env_texture, True)

    sphere = vtkSphereSource(theta_resolution=75, phi_resolution=75)

    texture_map = vtkTextureMapToSphere(prevent_seam=False)

    tangents = vtkPolyDataTangents()

    mapper = vtkPolyDataMapper()
    sphere >> texture_map >> tangents >> mapper

    # pd_sphere = vtkPolyDataMapper()
    # sphere >> texture_map >> tangents >> pd_sphere

    for i in range(0, 6):
        actor_sphere = vtkActor(mapper=mapper, position=(i, 0.0, 0.0))
        actor_sphere.RotateX(20)
        actor_sphere.RotateY(20)
        actor_sphere.property.interpolation = Property.Interpolation.VTK_PBR
        actor_sphere.property.color = colors.GetColor3d('White')
        actor_sphere.property.metallic = 1.0
        actor_sphere.property.roughness = i / 5.0
        ren.AddActor(actor_sphere)

    for i in range(0, 6):
        actor_sphere = vtkActor()
        actor_sphere.SetPosition(i, 1.0, 0.0)
        actor_sphere.RotateX(20)
        actor_sphere.RotateY(20)
        actor_sphere.SetMapper(mapper)
        actor_sphere.property.interpolation = Property.Interpolation.VTK_PBR
        actor_sphere.property.color = colors.GetColor3d('White')
        actor_sphere.property.metallic = 1.0
        actor_sphere.property.roughness = 0.1
        actor_sphere.property.anisotropy = i / 5.0
        ren.AddActor(actor_sphere)

    for i in range(0, 6):
        actor_sphere = vtkActor()
        actor_sphere.SetPosition(i, 2.0, 0.0)
        actor_sphere.RotateX(20)
        actor_sphere.RotateY(20)
        actor_sphere.SetMapper(mapper)
        actor_sphere.property.interpolation = Property.Interpolation.VTK_PBR
        actor_sphere.property.color = colors.GetColor3d('White')
        actor_sphere.property.metallic = 1.0
        actor_sphere.property.roughness = 0.1
        actor_sphere.property.anisotropy = 1.0
        actor_sphere.property.anisotropy_rotation = i / 5.0
        ren.AddActor(actor_sphere)

    if has_skybox:
        if gamma_correct:
            skybox.gamma_correct = True
        else:
            skybox.gamma_correct = False
        ren.AddActor(skybox)

    ren_win.Render()
    iren.Start()


def get_parameters(fn_path):
    """
    Read the parameters from a JSON file and check that the file paths exist.

    :param fn_path: The path to the JSON file.
    :return: True if the paths correspond to files and the parameters.
    """
    with open(fn_path) as data_file:
        json_data = json.load(data_file)
    parameters = dict()

    # Extract the values.
    keys_no_paths = {'title', 'object', 'objcolor', 'bkgcolor', 'skybox'}
    keys_with_paths = {'cubemap', 'equirectangular', 'albedo', 'normal', 'material', 'coat', 'anisotropy', 'emissive'}
    paths_ok = True
    for k, v in json_data.items():
        if k in keys_no_paths:
            parameters[k] = v
            continue
        if k in keys_with_paths:
            if k == 'cubemap':
                if ('root' in v) and ('files' in v):
                    root = fn_path.parent / Path(v['root'])
                    if not root.exists():
                        print(f'Bad cubemap path: {root}')
                        paths_ok = False
                    elif len(v['files']) != 6:
                        print(f'Expect six cubemap file names.')
                        paths_ok = False
                    else:
                        cm = list(map(lambda p: root / p, v['files']))
                        for fn in cm:
                            if not fn.is_file():
                                paths_ok = False
                                print(f'Not a file {fn}')
                        if paths_ok:
                            parameters['cubemap'] = cm
                else:
                    paths_ok = False
                    print('Missing the key "root" and/or the key "fíles" for the cubemap.')
            else:
                fn = fn_path.parent / Path(v)
                if not fn.exists():
                    print(f'Bad {k} path: {fn}')
                    paths_ok = False
                else:
                    parameters[k] = fn

    # Set Boy as the default surface.
    if ('object' in parameters.keys() and not parameters['object']) or 'object' not in parameters.keys():
        parameters['object'] = 'Boy'

    return paths_ok, parameters


def display_parameters(parameters):
    res = list()
    parameter_keys = ['title', 'object', 'objcolor', 'bkgcolor', 'skybox', 'cubemap', 'equirectangular', 'albedo',
                      'normal', 'material', 'coat', 'anisotropy', 'emissive']
    for k in parameter_keys:
        if k != 'cubemap':
            if k in parameters:
                res.append(f'{k:15}: {parameters[k]}')
        else:
            if k in parameters:
                for idx in range(len(parameters[k])):
                    if idx == 0:
                        res.append(f'{k:15}: {parameters[k][idx]}')
                    else:
                        res.append(f'{" " * 17}{parameters[k][idx]}')
    return res


def read_cubemap(cubemap):
    """
    Read six images forming a cubemap.

    :param cubemap: The paths to the six cubemap files.
    :return: The cubemap texture.
    """
    cube_map = vtkTexture(mipmap=True, interpolate=True, cube_map=True)

    i = 0
    for fn in cubemap:
        # Read the images.
        img_reader = vtkImageReader2Factory().CreateImageReader2(str(fn))
        img_reader.file_name = str(fn)

        # Each image must be flipped in Y due to canvas
        #  versus vtk ordering.
        flip = vtkImageFlip(filtered_axis=1)
        img_reader >> flip
        flip >> select_ports(i, cube_map)
        i += 1

    return cube_map


def read_equirectangular_file(fn_path):
    """
    Read an equirectangular environment file and convert to a texture.

    :param fn_path: The equirectangular file path.
    :return: The texture.
    """
    texture = vtkTexture(mipmap=True, interpolate=True)

    suffix = fn_path.suffix.lower()
    if suffix in ['.jpeg', '.jpg', '.png']:
        img_reader = vtkImageReader2Factory().CreateImageReader2(str(fn_path))
        img_reader.file_name = str(fn_path)
        select_ports(img_reader, 0) >> texture

    else:
        reader = vtkHDRReader()
        extensions = reader.GetFileExtensions()
        # Check the image can be read.
        if not reader.CanReadFile(str(fn_path)):
            print('CanReadFile failed for ', fn_path)
            return None
        if suffix not in extensions:
            print('Unable to read this file extension: ', suffix)
            return None
        reader.file_name = str(fn_path)

        texture.color_mode = Texture.ColorMode.VTK_COLOR_MODE_DIRECT_SCALARS
        reader >> texture

    return texture


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Property:
    @dataclass(frozen=True)
    class Interpolation:
        VTK_FLAT: int = 0
        VTK_GOURAUD: int = 1
        VTK_PHONG: int = 2
        VTK_PBR: int = 3

    @dataclass(frozen=True)
    class Representation:
        VTK_POINTS: int = 0
        VTK_WIREFRAME: int = 1
        VTK_SURFACE: int = 2


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Texture:
    @dataclass(frozen=True)
    class Quality:
        VTK_TEXTURE_QUALITY_DEFAULT: int = 0
        VTK_TEXTURE_QUALITY_16BIT: int = 16
        VTK_TEXTURE_QUALITY: int = 32

    @dataclass(frozen=True)
    class ColorMode:
        VTK_COLOR_MODE_DEFAULT: int = 0
        VTK_COLOR_MODE_MAP_SCALARS: int = 1
        VTK_COLOR_MODE_DIRECT_SCALARS: int = 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

PBR Anisotropy

Description¶

Further Reading¶

Code¶